底泥的处置方法大致分为以下几种:1、吹填造陆。该方法所需时间较长,人力物力消耗量大,适用于大规模底泥处理。2、物理脱水。主要借助晾晒、机械脱水减小疏浚底泥的含水量,该方法受控因素较多,且需要较大的晾晒场地,适用于底泥量少的情况。3、生产建筑材料。底泥中含有大量有机质,可作为制砖、水泥和陶粒等建筑材料的原料。但该方法对底泥有一定的要求,焚烧过程所产生的废气需要进行二次处理。
The
disposal methods of sediment can be roughly divided into the following:
1. Land reclamation by hydraulic reclamation. This method takes a long
time and consumes a large amount of manpower and resources, making it
suitable for large-scale sediment treatment. 2. Physical dehydration.
Mainly using air drying and mechanical dehydration to reduce the
moisture content of dredged sediment, this method has many controlled
factors and requires a large air drying site, which is suitable for
situations with low sediment content. 3. Production of building
materials. The bottom mud contains a large amount of organic matter and
can be used as raw materials for building materials such as bricks,
cement, and ceramic particles. However, this method has certain
requirements for sediment, and the waste gas generated during the
incineration process requires secondary treatment.
4、化学固化法。该方法是向底泥中加入固化材料,使得固化材料发生水化及水解反应,生成水化凝胶产物,使得底泥具有一定的抗压强度与水稳定性。前三种方法由于使用范围具有较大的局限性,使用案例较少,而化学固化法成本低,适合大规模处理,且操作简便,因而被广泛使用。目前我国采用的固化材料大多为水泥、粉煤灰及生石灰等,且其掺量较大,但后期常见有水泥固化干裂等现象,且固化成本较高。
4.
Chemical curing method. This method is to add solidified materials to
the sediment, so that the solidified materials can undergo hydration and
hydrolysis reactions, generate hydrated gel products, and make the
sediment have certain compressive strength and water stability. The
first three methods have significant limitations in their scope of use
and few use cases, while the chemical curing method has low costs, is
suitable for large-scale processing, and is easy to operate, making it
widely used. At present, most of the curing materials used in China are
cement, fly ash, and quicklime, with a large dosage. However, in the
later stage, there are common phenomena such as cement curing and
cracking, and the curing cost is high